Early adulthood

Early adulthood — roughly between the ages of 21 and 30 — is that terrifying stage where, in theory, you’re already an adult. No more excuses: you can vote, sign contracts, adopt a cat, even get married… even if you still can’t fry an egg without burning it. It’s the moment when real life knocks at your door and — spoiler alert — it doesn’t bring cookies, it brings utility bills.

At this stage, it’s not just about independence anymore — it’s about autonomy. It’s not just about “moving out of your parents’ house,” but about holding it together (without crying too much) when the gas bill arrives. Early adulthood is like that video game tutorial that only gives you the basics and then — bam! — throws you into the hardest level with no warning.

From Piaget’s perspective, we’re still in the formal operational stage, where abstract and logical thinking is already in place. But let’s be honest: having the capacity to plan for the long term is not the same as actually using it. You may fully understand the consequences of your actions… and still choose to go on a road trip with your hippie cousin instead of saving for rent. Because freedom at this stage is shiny, exciting, and feels endless. But it also comes with real challenges: making big decisions, committing to real responsibilities, and learning that adulthood isn’t a straight path — it’s more like a roller coaster without seatbelts.

Graduating college is one of those moments you wait for eagerly… until it happens. Sure, you want to be done with classes, escape group projects where you did all the work, and party in a cap and gown with champagne. But once the celebration ends, the vertigo begins: “Now what?” Suddenly, the job market is real, with all its awkward interviews, its “we’ll call you” that never happens, and that desperate need to seem competent when you have no idea what being a professional adult even means. Your résumé starts off as a blank page you try to fill with fancy words about your years as a barista, volunteer, or teaching assistant. Can you say you know Excel? Sure. To what level? “I can open it and not cry.”

Job hunting becomes a job in itself. Each application is an emotional roller coaster: from the hope of finding your dream position to the void of no response. Interviews become a ritual where you try to sound confident but not cocky, show experience you haven’t lived, and express passion without seeming desperate. Some days you feel like you’re about to make it, and others you seriously consider opening a plant shop or moving to the countryside to raise chickens.

Then come relationships, which are no longer just about movie dates. Things get real: talking about the future, living together, discussing major compatibility issues — like whether they do the dishes right after eating or if they sleep with white noise. Introducing your partner to your family becomes a whole event. You wonder if your mom will be too intense, if your dad will tell weird jokes, if your partner will run screaming. Meeting your in-laws, on the other hand, feels like a mix between a job interview and improvised theater: trying to impress, without seeming like you’re trying too hard. And if things go well, come the big conversations: moving in, getting married, getting a dog. Or a baby. Or a shared washing machine — which, for many, is an even bigger commitment than marriage.

Meanwhile, your body starts to send subtle (and not-so-subtle) messages. The first gray hair, which you sometimes hide and sometimes flaunt like a badge of honor. A sore back from sleeping wrong. Genuine excitement over buying high-quality sheets. You start to realize health is no joke: you need to sleep, eat something green, and accept your metabolism is not as generous as it once was. You actually get excited about finding a good dentist or getting normal blood test results. Without noticing, you become the person who recommends probiotics and compares vacuum cleaner prices.

Vygotsky, always so socially focused, still makes perfect sense: learning doesn’t stop, and your environment keeps shaping your thinking. Only now, you’re not surrounded by classmates and teachers, but by coworkers, bosses, roommates who eat your food, partners who come and go, and friends you don’t see every day but who still shine like lighthouses in your chaos. Your “zone of proximal development” now might include your therapist, an inspiring mentor, that wise friend who always has tea and good advice, or even the corner store guy who reminds you to buy toilet paper.

Early adulthood is also when you begin to build a more solid identity. It’s not all trial and error anymore… though there’s still plenty of that. It’s a time to try jobs, cities, relationships, lifestyles. Some paths will feel like home; others will teach you they’re not yours — and both are valuable. You start to build your chosen support network: people who are there because you choose them, not because you sat next to them in high school. And you slowly accept that you don’t need to have everything figured out to move forward.

Your relationship with your parents evolves too. They’re no longer all-knowing figures, but humans with their own crises, doubts, and learning curves. Sometimes you support them, and sometimes they still hold you up. That bond is redefined — with more distance, yes, but also with more honesty. And suddenly, you cherish what once felt basic: a phone call, a shared recipe, a hug that still tastes like childhood.

And yes, let’s get back to the cookie. At this age, the cookie crisis takes on new forms. It’s not about it being broken anymore, or questioning its symbolic meaning. Now the drama is more sophisticated: Did I buy these gluten-free organic cookies out of conviction or peer pressure? Is it worth paying double for the “artisanal” brand, or should I just surrender to the store brand? Why don’t I know how to cook but have a whole collection of gourmet cookies? And why, if I just bought cookies yesterday… are they gone already? (Spoiler: because you ate them all during an existential binge-watching session.)

Early adulthood, in short, is a stage full of contradictions, experimentation, and constant discovery. It’s when you realize there’s no single way to be an adult — and that making mistakes isn’t just normal, it’s necessary. That success doesn’t always come in premium packaging, that social media comparisons are rarely the full story, and that sometimes growing up is simply… keeping going. Cookie in hand.

Because yes — cookies still break, still run out, and sometimes even burn. But now, you’ve learned to buy them, share them, and even bake them if you have to. And that, believe it or not, is already a huge step.

La adultez temprana

La adultez temprana —más o menos entre los 21 y los 30 años— es esa etapa aterradora donde, en teoría, uno ya es adulto. Ya no hay excusa que valga: puedes votar, firmar contratos, adoptar un gato y hasta casarte… aunque aún no sepas freír un huevo sin quemarlo. Es el momento en que la vida real golpea la puerta y, spoiler alert: no trae galletas, trae cuentas por pagar.

Aquí ya no hablamos solo de independencia, sino de autonomía. Ya no se trata de “salir de la casa de los papás”, sino de sostenerse sin llorar (mucho) cuando llega el recibo del gas. La adultez temprana es como ese tutorial del videojuego que te da apenas las instrucciones básicas y de repente… ¡zas! te lanza al nivel más difícil sin previo aviso.

Desde Piaget, seguimos navegando las aguas de las operaciones formales, donde el pensamiento lógico y abstracto ya está consolidado. Pero ojo: una cosa es tener la capacidad de planear a largo plazo, y otra muy distinta es usarla. Es decir, puedes perfectamente analizar las consecuencias de tus actos… aunque igual elijas irte de viaje con la prima hippie en vez de ahorrar para el arriendo. Porque en esta etapa, la libertad es nueva, brillante y se siente infinita. Pero también viene con sus respectivos desafíos: tomar decisiones importantes, asumir compromisos reales y aprender que la adultez no es una línea recta, sino más bien una montaña rusa sin cinturón de seguridad.

Graduarse de la universidad es uno de esos momentos que se espera con ansias… hasta que llega. Porque sí, uno quiere terminar clases, dejar de hacer trabajos en grupo donde solo tú trabajas y celebrar con toga, birrete y mucha champaña. Pero cuando se acaba el festejo, comienza el vértigo: el «¿y ahora qué?». De pronto, el mundo laboral se vuelve real, con todas sus entrevistas incómodas, sus «te llamamos» que nunca llegan, y esa necesidad desesperada de parecer competente sin tener idea de qué significa ser adulto profesional. Tu hoja de vida empieza como un documento en blanco donde intentas llenar con palabras elegantes tus años de monitora, voluntaria o barista. ¿Poner que sabes usar Excel? Claro. ¿Hasta qué nivel? Nivel “sé abrirlo y no llorar”.

Buscar trabajo en esta etapa se convierte en un trabajo en sí. Cada aplicación es una montaña rusa emocional: desde la esperanza de haber encontrado el empleo soñado hasta el vacío de no recibir respuesta alguna. Las entrevistas se vuelven un ritual donde intentas parecer confiado sin sonar arrogante, demostrar experiencia sin haberla vivido y mostrar pasión sin que parezca desesperación. Hay días en que sientes que estás a punto de lograrlo, y otros donde el rechazo te hace cuestionar si deberías abrir una tienda de plantas o irte a vivir a una finca con gallinas. 

A esto se suman las relaciones, que ya no son simplemente citas para ver películas. Ahora las cosas se ponen serias: hablar de futuro, de convivencia, de compatibilidades profundas como si lavan los platos después de comer o si duermen con ruido blanco. Presentar a tu pareja a la familia se convierte en todo un evento. Te preguntas si tu mamá será muy intensa, si tu papá hará chistes incómodos, si tu pareja entenderá la dinámica familiar sin huir. Conocer a los suegros, por su parte, es una mezcla de entrevista de trabajo y obra de teatro improvisada: buscas impresionar, pero sin parecer que estás actuando. Y si todo va bien, llega la conversación de los grandes temas: vivir juntos, casarse, tener un perro. O un hijo. O una lavadora compartida, que para muchos es más compromiso que el matrimonio.

Mientras el corazón navega sus propios dilemas, el cuerpo comienza a pasar factura. Aparece la primera cana, que a veces escondes y a veces muestras con orgullo como medalla de madurez. Un dolor de espalda después de dormir mal. Una emoción genuina por comprar sábanas de buena calidad. Empiezas a descubrir que la salud no es un chiste: que necesitas dormir bien, comer algo verde y que el metabolismo ya no es tan comprensivo como antes. Te emocionas cuando encuentras un dentista de confianza o cuando un análisis de sangre sale bien. Te conviertes, sin darte cuenta, en la persona que recomienda probióticos y compara precios de aspiradoras.

Vygotsky, siempre tan social, sigue teniendo razón: el aprendizaje no para, y el entorno social sigue moldeando tu forma de pensar. Solo que ahora ya no estás rodeado solo de compañeros de clase o profesores, sino de colegas, jefes, roommates que se comen tu comida, parejas que entran y salen de tu vida, y amigos que ya no ves diario pero siguen siendo faros en la tormenta. La “zona de desarrollo próximo” ahora puede incluir a tu terapeuta, tu jefe inspirador, ese amigo sabio que siempre tiene un mate y buenos consejos, o incluso el señor del minimercado que te recuerda comprar papel higiénico.

La adultez temprana también es ese espacio donde uno empieza a construir una identidad más sólida. Ya no todo es ensayo y error… aunque sí sigue habiendo bastante de eso. Es el momento de probar trabajos, mudanzas, ciudades, amistades, estilos de vida. Algunos caminos te harán sentir en casa; otros te enseñarán que esa no es tu ruta. Y ambos son valiosos. Empiezas a construir una red de apoyo elegida, personas que están ahí porque las eliges, no porque compartían pupitre en el colegio. Y también empiezas a reconciliarte con la idea de que no necesitas tener todo resuelto para seguir adelante.

La relación con los padres cambia también. Ya no son figuras que todo lo saben, sino humanos con sus propias crisis, dudas y aprendizajes. A veces los ayudas tú, a veces te siguen sosteniendo ellos. Se redefine ese vínculo con más distancia pero también con más honestidad. Y es ahí donde valoras lo que antes parecía básico: una llamada, una receta compartida, un abrazo que sabe a infancia.

Y claro, volvamos a la galleta. A esta edad, la crisis de la galleta toma nuevas formas. Ya no es por estar rota, ni por cuestionar su simbolismo profundo. Ahora el drama es más sofisticado: ¿compré las galletas orgánicas sin gluten por convicción o por presión social? ¿Vale la pena pagar el doble por una marca “artesanal” o debo resignarme a la marca genérica del supermercado? ¿Por qué no sé cocinar pero tengo una colección de galletas gourmet? ¿Y por qué, si compré galletas ayer, ya no quedan? (Spoiler: porque te las comiste en una sentada viendo series en modo existencial).

La adultez temprana es, en definitiva, una etapa de experimentación, contradicciones y descubrimientos constantes. Es ese momento en el que te das cuenta de que no hay una sola manera de ser adulto, y que equivocarse no solo es válido, sino necesario. Que el éxito no siempre viene en paquete premium, que las comparaciones en redes sociales no muestran toda la historia, y que a veces crecer es simplemente seguir andando… con galleta en mano.

Porque sí, las galletas se siguen rompiendo, se siguen terminando y a veces hasta se queman. Pero tú ya aprendiste a comprarlas, compartirlas y hasta hornearlas si hace falta. Y eso, aunque no lo parezca, ya es un gran paso.

Inside Out 2: New Emotions, New Fears, New Me

If the first Inside Out taught us that sadness was also important, Inside Out 2 comes to remind us of something harder to accept: growing up hurts. And not because it’s tragic, but because it involves losing versions of oneself, living with new emotions, and experiencing—for the first time—an emotional turmoil that can’t be explained with emojis.

Riley is now 13 years old. And what seems like a small leap in age is, from the perspective of developmental psychology, a hormonal, neurological, and social earthquake. Adolescence begins, and with it, a complete reconfiguration of the emotional brain. More complex emotions appear: Anxiety, Envy, Shame, and Ennui (that teenage boredom with a French accent that we didn’t know had a name). These are emotions that don’t replace Joy, Sadness, or Anger, but rather disorganize the entire system… because growing up is about reordering from chaos.

From Erik Erikson’s perspective, this stage of development is called the search for identity vs. role confusion. Riley is no longer just a happy girl who plays hockey. Now she’s starting to wonder who she is, who she wants to be, who her friends see as her, what people think, how to fit in without ceasing to be herself. It’s the beginning of the adolescent whirlwind, where the construction of the «self» is a puzzle that changes shape every day.

In this context, anxiety appears as the emotional protagonist. And it’s no coincidence. From neuroscience, we know that the amygdala (the fear center) becomes especially active in adolescence. Everything becomes more intense, more personal, more dangerous. What was once a mistake is now a social catastrophe. What was once a passing emotion is now an internal roller coaster. Anxiety, in the film, is not the villain. It’s an emotion that wants to help, that tries to anticipate dangers, but ends up overcontrolling everything. Exactly as it happens in real life.

Inside Out 2 also presents another fascinating change: the deconstruction of the «self.» In the first film, Joy showed us the Personality Islands. In this one, we discover the Sense of Self, which isn’t something solid but a crystal under construction, filled with internal beliefs that are activated by emotions. Riley is no longer defined only by what she does, but by what she believes about herself. «I’m a good friend,» «I’m a good player,» «I’m someone you can count on»… Until anxiety begins to question each one.

This connects directly to the concept of self-schemas: the beliefs we have about who we are. When these self-schemas are threatened (because we lose a game, because we fight with a friend, because we’re rejected), we feel our entire identity shaken. Riley experiences this crisis. And like many teenagers, she tries to fit in. She hides behind what she thinks others want to see. She distances herself from who she was. She «betrays» herself in order to belong.

But the film, with the emotional sweetness that only Pixar achieves, reminds us of something vital: we can’t build a healthy identity if we exclude our uncomfortable emotions. Joy realizes she can’t bury difficult emotions. Literally. She had pushed them to the back of her mind. But without them, Riley’s self becomes fragile, false, anxious.

The solution? Integrate. Let them all speak. Let sadness have a voice. Let shame emerge. Let anxiety not take control, but not be expelled either. Because forming a healthy identity means learning to live with all that we are. Not just the pretty things.

Inside Out 2 isn’t just a sequel. It’s an emotional lesson. It teaches us that growing up isn’t about ceasing to be who we were, but rather integrating new versions of ourselves, embracing new emotions, and understanding that the self isn’t defined by control, but by connection.

And yes: sometimes, to grow, you first have to fall apart a little inside.